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provides intrinsic functions which perform the system call. Applications must use those functions rather
than the system call directly. Atomic operations may be added in a future processor extension.
Processor Requirements
Linux requires that a hardware multiplier be present. The full 64-bit multiplier (mulx instructions) is not
required.
Development Environment
The following symbols are defined:
• __nios2
• __nios2__
• __NIOS2
• __NIOS2__
Document Revision History
Table 7-9: Document Revision History
Date Version Changes
April 2015 2015.04.02 Updated Tables:
• Nios II Relocation Calculation
• Relocation and Operator
New examples in Linux Position-Independent Code section:
• Large GOT Entry for Global Symbols
• Local Symbols for large GOT Model
• Large GOT Model entry in PLT GOT
Linux Toolchain Relocation Information section updated.
February 2014 13.1.0 Removed references to SOPC Builder.
May 2011 11.0.0 Maintenance release.
December 2010 10.1.0 Added Linux ABI section.
July 2010 10.0.0
• DWARF-2 register assignments
• ELF header values
• r23 used as thread pointer for Linux
• Linux toolchain relocation information
• Symbol definitions for development environment
November 2009 9.1.0 Maintenance release.
March 2009 9.0.0 Backwards-compatible change to the eret instruction B field
encoding.
November 2008 8.1.0 Maintenance release.
NII51016
2015.04.02
Processor Requirements
7-23
Application Binary Interface
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- 101 Innovation Drive 1
- San Jose, CA 95134 1
- Contents 2
- Altera Corporation 10
- Introduction 10
- Send Feedback 10
- Related Information 11
- Standard Peripherals 12
- OpenCore Plus Evaluation 13
- Processor Architecture 16
- Processor Implementation 17
- Register File 18
- Floating-Point Instructions 20
- Operation 23
- Inference 23
- Reset and Debug Signals 25
- Exception Controller 26
- EIC Interface 26
- Memory and I/O Organization 27
- Instruction and Data Buses 29
- Memory and Peripheral Access 30
- Instruction Master Port 30
- Data Master Port 30
- Cache Memory 31
- Address Map 33
- Download and Execute Software 36
- Software Breakpoints 36
- Hardware Breakpoints 36
- Hardware Triggers 36
- Trace Capture 37
- Programming Model 40
- Memory Management 42
- Memory Protection 43
- Virtual Memory Address Space 43
- TLB Organization 44
- Field Name Description 45
- Memory Regions 47
- Registers 48
- General-Purpose Registers 49
- NII51003 51
- The status Register 52
- The estatus Register 54
- The bstatus Register 55
- The ienable Register 55
- The ipending Register 56
- The cpuid Register 56
- The exception Register 56
- The pteaddr Register 57
- The tlbacc Register 57
- The tlbmisc Register 58
- The badaddr Register 61
- The config Register 62
- The mpubase Register 63
- The mpuacc Register 64
- MASK Encoding Region Size 65
- The sstatus Register 69
- Working with the MPU 71
- MPU Initialization 72
- Debugger Access 72
- Working with ECC 73
- Instruction Cache Tag RAM 74
- Instruction Cache Data RAM 74
- Register File RAM Blocks 74
- MMU TLB RAM 74
- Exception Processing 75
- Exception Latency 78
- Reset Exceptions 78
- Break Exceptions 79
- Interrupt Exceptions 80
- Internal Interrupt Controller 82
- Trap Instruction 84
- Break Instruction 84
- Unimplemented Instruction 84
- Illegal Instruction 84
- Supervisor-Only Instruction 85
- Supervisor-Only Data Address 85
- Misaligned Data Address 85
- Division Error 86
- Fast TLB Miss 86
- Double TLB Miss 87
- TLB Permission Violation 87
- MPU Region Violation 87
- Other Exceptions 88
- Exception Processing Flow 88
- Handling Nested Exceptions 93
- Disabling Maskable Interrupts 95
- Virtual Address Aliasing 98
- Instruction Set Categories 99
- Move Instructions 100
- Comparison Instructions 101
- Shift and Rotate Instructions 101
- Program Control Instructions 102
- Other Control Instructions 103
- Custom Instructions 104
- No-Operation Instruction 104
- Document Revision History 105
- September 2004 1.1 106
- May 2004 1.0 Initial release 106
- Core Nios II Tab 107
- Core Selection 108
- Multiply and Divide Settings 109
- Reset Vector 109
- General Exception Vector 110
- Name Description 111
- Instruction Master Settings 112
- Advanced Features Tab 113
- Reset Signals 114
- Control Registers 114
- Exception Checking 115
- Shadow Register Sets 116
- HardCopy Compatible 116
- MMU and MPU Settings Tab 117
- JTAG Debug Module Tab 119
- Debug Level Settings 120
- Debug Signals 121
- Break Vector 121
- Custom Instruction Tab 122
- The Quartus II IP File 124
- Date Version Changes 126
- 2015.04.02 127
- NII51015 128
- Device Family Support 129
- Nios II/f Core 129
- Overview 130
- Arithmetic Logic Unit 130
- Instruction 131
- Result Latency 131
- Supported Instructions 131
- Memory Access 132
- Instruction Cache 133
- Tightly-Coupled Memory 135
- Memory Management Unit 135
- Memory Protection Unit 136
- Execution Pipeline 136
- Instruction Performance 137
- Exception Handling 138
- Nios II/s Core 141
- Nios II/e Core 146
- Instruction Execution Stages 147
- JTAG Debug Module 148
- Nios II Versions 150
- Version Release Date Notes 151
- Architecture Revisions 152
- Core Revisions 153
- JTAG Debug Module Revisions 157
- Application Binary Interface 160
- Memory Alignment 161
- Register Usage 161
- NII51016 162
- Frame Pointer Elimination 163
- Call Saved Registers 163
- Further Examples of Stacks 164
- Function Prologues 165
- Arguments and Return Values 166
- Return Values 167
- DWARF-2 Definition 168
- Object Files 168
- Relocation 168
- ABI for Linux Systems 171
- Relocation Operator 172
- Copy Relocation 173
- Jump Slot Relocation 173
- Thread-Local Storage 173
- Linux Function Calls 175
- Linux Process Initialization 176
- Global Offset Table 179
- Function Addresses 179
- Procedure Linkage Table 179
- Linux Conventions 181
- Instruction Set Reference 184
- Instruction Opcodes 185
- NII51017 186
- Assembler Pseudo-Instructions 187
- Assembler Macros 188
- Notation Meaning 189
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