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• ACK/NAK Packets—The ACK/NAK block handles ACK/NAK DLLPs and generates the sequence
number of transmitted packets.
• Transaction Layer Packet Checker—This block checks the integrity of the received TLP and generates
a request for transmission of an ACK/NAK DLLP.
• TX Arbitration—This block arbitrates transactions, prioritizing in the following order:
• Initialize FC Data Link Layer packet
• ACK/NAK DLLP (high priority)
• Update FC DLLP (high priority)
• PM DLLP
• Retry buffer TLP
• TLP
• Update FC DLLP (low priority)
• ACK/NAK FC DLLP (low priority)
Physical Layer
The Physical Layer is the lowest level of the PCI Express protocol stack. It is the layer closest to the serial
link. It encodes and transmits packets across a link and accepts and decodes received packets. The
Physical Layer connects to the link through a high-speed SERDES interface running at 2.5 Gbps for Gen1
implementations, at 2.5 or 5.0 Gbps for Gen2 implementations, and at 2.5, 5.0 or 8.0 Gbps for Gen3
implementations.
The Physical Layer is responsible for the following actions:
• Initializing the link
• Scrambling/descrambling and 8B/10B encoding/decoding for 2.5 Gbps (Gen1), 5.0 Gbps (Gen2), or
128b/130b encoding/decoding of 8.0 Gbps (Gen3) per lane
• Serializing and deserializing data
• Operating the PIPE 3.0 Interface
• Implementing auto speed negotiation (Gen2 and Gen3)
• Transmitting and decoding the training sequence
• Providing hardware autonomous speed control
• Implementing auto lane reversal
10-14
Physical Layer
UG-01097_avst
2014.08.18
Altera Corporation
IP Core Architecture
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- User Guide 1
- Datasheet 2
- Features 3
- Interface 4
- Release Information 7
- Device Family Support 7
- UG-01097_avst 10
- 2014.12.15 10
- Debug Features 11
- IP Core Verification 11
- Recommended Speed Grades 12
- • All Development Kits 14
- PCI Express 15
- Qsys Design Flow 16
- Generating the Testbench 17
- Simulating the Example Design 18
- Directory Description 19
- Time TLP Type Payload 19
- TLP Header 19
- Modifying the Example Design 23
- Separate Component 24
- Generating the Qsys System 27
- Parameter Value 28
- Parameter Settings 38
- Parameter Value Description 39
- Device Capabilities 45
- Error Reporting 47
- Link Capabilities 48
- MSI and MSI-X Capabilities 49
- Slot Capabilities 50
- Power Management 51
- PHY Characteristics 52
- Avalon‑ST RX Interface 54
- Packet TLP 59
- Aligned Addresses 64
- Single Packet Per Cycle 67
- Avalon-ST TX Interface 70
- Data 0 Header 2 83
- Clock Signals 85
- ECRC Forwarding 90
- Error Signals 90
- Interrupts for Endpoints 91
- Completion Side Band Signals 93
- Signal Directi 94
- Description 94
- Related Information 101
- Parity Signals 102
- LMI Signals 103
- Signal Direction Description 104
- Altera Corporation 107
- Send Feedback 107
- Field and Bit Map 112
- 0134678951 112
- Bit(s) Field Description 113
- Power Management Signals 115
- 15 011623 8 2791213142431 117
- Transceiver Reconfiguration 118
- Serial Data Signals 119
- PIPE Interface Signals 123
- Test Signals 128
- Registers 129
- Altera-Defined VSEC Registers 137
- CvP Registers 138
- 2014.08.18 139
- Bits Register Description 142
- Reset and Clocks 145
- Example Design 146
- Hard IP for PCI Express 146
- Clock Domains 149
- Data Rate Frequency 150
- Clock Summary 152
- Interrupts 153
- MSI Interrupts 154
- Allocated 155
- Implementing MSI-X Interrupts 156
- Legacy Interrupts 158
- Interrupts for Root Ports 159
- Error Handling 160
- Physical Layer Errors 161
- Data Link Layer Errors 161
- Transaction Layer Errors 162
- Error Type Description 163
- Status Bit Conditions 166
- IP Core Architecture 168
- Hard IP for PCI Express 169
- Top-Level Interfaces 170
- Avalon-ST Interface 170
- Clocks and Reset 171
- Hard IP Reconfiguration 171
- Transaction Layer 172
- Configuration Space 173
- (Soft Logic) 175
- Altera FPGA 175
- Protocol Extensions Supported 179
- Data Link Layer 179
- Physical Layer 181
- TX Packets 182
- Supported Message Types 184
- INTX Messages 184
- Power Management Messages 185
- Error Signaling Messages 186
- Locked Transaction Message 187
- Slot Power Limit Message 187
- Vendor-Defined Messages 187
- Hot Plug Messages 188
- Receive Buffer Reordering 190
- Using Relaxed Ordering 192
- Throughput Optimization 195
- Throughput of Posted Writes 197
- Design Implementation 199
- CONF_DONE 200
- Endpoint Reset 200
- Root Port Reset 200
- SDC Timing Constraints 201
- Optional Features 203
- ECRC on the RX Path 204
- ECRC on the TX Path 205
- Subscribe 208
- Testbench and Design Example 212
- Root Port Testbench 215
- Chaining DMA Design Examples 215
- Root Complex 217
- Chaining DMA 217
- Hard IP for 217
- BAR/Address Map 220
- Memory BAR Mapping 221
- Bit Field Description 222
- Addr Register Name 222
- Offset to Base 225
- Descriptor Type Description 225
- Byte Address 225
- Bits[21:18] Bit[17] Bit[16] 226
- Descriptor Field Endpoint 226
- RC Access Description 226
- Test Driver Module 227
- DMA Write Cycles 228
- Shared Memory 229
- DMA Read Cycles 230
- Registers (BAR2) 231
- Root Port Design Example 232
- Root Port 233
- Variation 233
- (variation_name.v) 233
- Root Port BFM 234
- BFM Configuration Procedures 235
- BFM Request Interface 235
- BFM Memory Map 236
- Offset (Bytes) Description 238
- BFM Procedures and Functions 242
- Location altpcietb_bfm_rdwr.v 243
- Express address 244
- Shared Memory Constants 251
- Constant Description 252
- Location 257
- Debugging Simulations 269
- Debugging 270
- Setting Up Simulation 276
- Use Third-Party PCIe Analyzer 277
- BIOS Enumeration Issues 277
- Address[31:2] 278
- Figure A-6: I/O Read Request 280
- 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 284
- Core Config 8 4 1 284
- Additional Information 286
- Date Version Changes Made 287
- How to Contact Altera 290
- Typographic Conventions 291
- Visual Cue Meaning 292
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